ASTM E1678-2010 火灾危险分析用测定烟气毒性的标准试验方法

作者:标准资料网 时间:2024-05-10 10:00:26  浏览:8612   来源:标准资料网

【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringSmokeToxicityforUseinFireHazardAnalysis
【原文标准名称】:火灾危险分析用测定烟气毒性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1678-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E05.21
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:combustiontoxicity;fire-hazardanalysis;firetests;firetoxicity;Firetoxicity;Lethaltoxicpotencyvalues;Mathematicalfiremodels;Combustiontoxicity;Firehazardassessment;Firetesting--buildingmaterials;Smoketoxicity
【摘要】:Thistestmethodhasbeendesignedtoprovidedataforthemathematicalmodelingoffirehazardasameansfortheevaluationofmaterialsandproductsandtoassistintheirresearchanddevelopment.Thistestmethodisusedtopredict,andsubsequentlyconfirm,thelethaltoxicpotencyofsmokeproducedupontheexposureofamaterialorproducttospecificfiretestconditions.Confirmationdetermineswhethercertainmajorgaseoustoxicantsaccountfortheobservedtoxiceffectsandlethaltoxicpotency.Ifapredictedlethaltoxicpotencyvalueisnotconfirmedadequately,indicatingapotentialforunusualorunexplainedtoxicity,thelethaltoxicpotencywillneedtobeinvestigatedusingothermethodology,suchasconductinganexperimentaldeterminationoftheLC50usingtheapparatusdescribed.(SeeX1.3.1andX1.3.2.)Thistestmethodproduceslethaltoxicpotencyvaluesthatareappropriateforuseinthemodelingofbothpre-flashoverandpost-flashoverfires.MostfiredeathsduetosmokeinhalationintheU.S.occurinareasotherthantheroomoffireoriginandarecausedbyfiresthathaveproceededbeyondtheroomoffireorigin.Itisassumedthattheseareflashoverfires.Therefore,theprincipalemphasisisplacedonevaluatingtoxichazardundertheseconditions.Inpost-flashoverfires,largeconcentrationsofcarbonmonoxideresultsfromreducedairsupplytothefireplumeandotherroom-scalefactors.Bench-scaletestsdonothavethecapacitytosimulatethesephenomena.Thelethaltoxicpotencyvaluesdeterminedinthistestmethodareobtainedfromfuel/airratiosmorerepresentativeofpre-flashover,ratherthanpost-flashoverconditions.Incaseswhereapre-flashoverfirerepresentationisdesiredinfirehazardmodeling,theseLC50valuesareappropriate.Lethaltoxicpotencyandcarbonmonoxideyieldvaluesdeterminedinthistestmethodrequireadjustmentforuseinmodelingofthehazardfrompost-flashoverconditions.(SeeX1.4.1.)Thelethaltoxicpotencyvaluesdeterminedinthistestmethodhavealevelofuncertaintyintheiraccuracywhenusedtopredictreal-scaletoxicpotencies.(SeeX1.4.2.)Theaccuracyofthebench-scaledataforpre-flashoverfireshasnotbeenestablishedexperimentally.Thecombustionconditionsintheapparatusarequitesimilartorealpre-flashoverfires,althoughthemassburningratemaybehigheratthe50kW/m2irradianceofthetestmethod.ComparisonofthetoxicantyieldsandLC50(post-flashover)valuesobtainedusingthismethodhavebeenshowninlimitedtests(22)toreproducetheLC50valuesfromreal-scale,post-flashoverfirestowithinanaccuracyofapproximatelyafactorofthree.Therefore,LC50(post-flashover)valuesdifferingbylessthanafactorofthreeareindistinguishablefromeachother.(SeeX1.4.2.)Thistestmethoddoesnotattempttoaddressthetoxicologicalsignificanceofchangesinparticulateandaerosolsize,smoketransport,distribution,ordepositionorchangesintheconcentrationofanysmokeconstituentasafunctionoftimeasmayoccurinarealfire.Thepropensityforsmokefromanymaterialtohavethesameeffectsonhumansinfiresituationscanbeinferredonlytotheextentthattheratiscorrelatedwithhumansasabiologicalsystem.(SeeX1.2.5.)Thistestmethoddoesnotassessincapacitation.Incapacitationmustbeinferredfromlethaltoxicpotencyvalues.Theeffectsofsensoryirritationarenotaddressedbythistestmethod.1.1Thisfire-test-responsestandardcoversameansfordeterminingthelethaltoxicpotencyofsmokeproducedfromamaterialorproductignitedwhileexposedtoaradiantheatfluxof50kW/m2for15min.1.2Thistestmethodislimitedtotestspecimensno......
【中国标准分类号】:C83
【国际标准分类号】:91_040_01
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语